Research on the Setting Method of Horse Track Based on Stadium Lighting
Lin Ruoci 1 , Zhu Yue 2
(1.China Academy of Building Research, Beijing 100013; 2 Changfeilipu (China) Investment Co., Ltd., Beijing 100600)
Abstract: This paper explores how to effectively achieve optimal stadium lighting by analyzing functional requirements, competition standards, and broadcasting needs. It further investigates the correct positioning of the horse track to ensure a rational design that supports architects and structural engineers in integrating the overall building form. The study provides a scientific basis for practical applications in sports venues.
Key words: stadium lighting; horse track location; setting method
CLC number: TM923 Document code: A
Research on Catwalk Positioning in Venue Lighting
Lin Ruoci 1 , Zhu Yue 2
(1. China Academy of Building Research, Beijing 100013, China;
2. Philips (China) Investment Co., Ltd., Beijing 100600, China)
Abstract: This article discusses the methods for achieving effective venue lighting based on functionality, competition rules, and broadcasting standards. It also examines the proper positioning of catwalks to provide a scientific foundation for practical applications, helping architects and engineers during the design process. The research emphasizes the importance of integrating lighting systems with the architectural structure.
Key words: venue lighting; catwalk position; establishment method
Introduction
The lighting system in a stadium is one of the most critical components, playing a vital role in ensuring the quality of the event. The performance of the lighting directly affects the fairness of the competition, player safety, and audience experience. Among all elements, the placement of the horse track is particularly crucial, as it significantly influences both the quality and efficiency of the lighting. In stadiums, the location of the horse track involves multiple disciplines such as architecture, engineering, and electrical systems. Different professionals may have varying priorities, which can lead to conflicts and improper placements, sometimes rendering the horse track unusable.
Unfortunately, many participants in long-term venue construction often overlook the importance of lighting. This has resulted in numerous design practices that do not meet the required standards. For instance, some horse tracks are placed too close to the sidelines, failing to meet vertical illumination requirements at the edges. Others are positioned too low, causing severe glare for spectators and athletes. These issues highlight the need for better planning and coordination among all stakeholders involved in stadium design.
1 Basic Requirements for Sports Lighting
Sports lighting must satisfy several key criteria, including competition needs, broadcasting requirements, and safety considerations. As sports continue to grow in popularity, the demand for high-quality lighting increases. Lighting systems must ensure that athletes, referees, and spectators can clearly see the game. Additionally, the lighting should support high-quality television broadcasts, allowing millions of viewers to enjoy the event. Safety is also a major concern, especially in large stadiums where emergency evacuation is essential.
Standards such as JGJ153 outline specific requirements for lighting levels, uniformity, and glare control. These guidelines help ensure that lighting meets the necessary performance metrics while maintaining comfort for all users.
1.1 Lighting and Competition Related Requirements
(1) Luminaires should not be placed directly above the playing field, especially for sports like badminton or table tennis, where even small obstructions can affect visibility.
(2) Certain areas of the venue, such as the main line of sight, should avoid placing lamps to prevent distractions.
(3) The installation of luminaires must avoid creating glare for athletes or spectators.
(4) Light from the luminaire should not reflect off surfaces like the pool or court, causing visual discomfort.
1.2 Lighting and Broadcasting Requirements
(1) Vertical illumination and its uniformity must meet the standards for camera imaging and broadcasting.
(2) Color temperature plays a significant role in white balance adjustment for cameras. Broadcast-level stadiums require Tc > 4000 K for general broadcasts or 5500 K for HD broadcasts.
(3) The color rendering index (Ra) affects the accuracy of color reproduction. High-definition broadcasts typically require Ra > 90.
(4) The position and angle of luminaires may cause glare for cameras, which must be avoided.
1.3 Safety Requirements
Emergency lighting must comply with national regulations and project-specific requirements to ensure safe evacuation in case of emergencies.
2 Considerations for Horse Track Placement
2.1 Common Misconceptions in Horse Track Design
One common mistake is placing the horse track inside the steel frame, believing that light can pass through the gaps. However, this often leads to reduced light output and unsightly structures. Another misconception is focusing too much on aesthetic integration with the ceiling, which can compromise lighting performance. Proper placement is essential to maintain both function and appearance.
2.2 Obstacles in the Lighting System
Some projects face challenges due to uncoordinated placement of HVAC ducts, cables, and audio equipment below the horse track. These obstacles can block light, reducing the effectiveness of the lighting system. Careful planning is needed to avoid such issues during the design phase.
2.3 Geometry, Rigidity, and Load Capacity
The horse track must be designed to accommodate not only lighting fixtures but also various equipment and maintenance activities. Its size and rigidity must be sufficient to handle heavy loads, with a recommended width of at least 1 meter and clearance height of 1.5 meters. The load capacity should be adequate to support high-power lighting systems and ensure safety.
3 Determining the Position of the Horse Track
Designing the horse track requires careful consideration of multiple factors, with the most important being its impact on lighting performance. The following sections explore the relationship between illumination, projection angles, and track placement.
3.1 Relationship Between Horizontal Illumination, Vertical Illumination, and Horse Track
In relay-level sports, the main and auxiliary cameras are usually placed in different directions, depending on the movement patterns. The horse track's position is critical for providing the vertical illumination needed for both cameras. The projection angle of the luminaire must be carefully adjusted to ensure even illumination across the field.
3.2 Influence of Luminaire Projection Angle on Horse Track Position
The projection angle of the luminaire directly affects key lighting indicators such as horizontal and vertical illuminance, uniformity, and glare index. These factors must be considered when determining the optimal position of the horse track.
4 Determining the Position Parameters of the Horse Track
The position parameters of the horse track include the horizontal distance from the near side of the field, the height from the ground, and the distance from the center point. Based on international and domestic standards, the following guidelines can be applied:
• FIFA standards specify minimum and maximum angles for luminaire placement, ensuring optimal lighting coverage.
• Design experience and calculations suggest that the angle between the luminaire and the far edge should be no less than 25°, while the angle with the near edge should be no more than 65°.
• The distance between the middle of the field and the luminaire should be around 60–80 meters for outdoor stadiums.
These parameters help ensure that the lighting system meets the required standards for both indoor and outdoor venues.
5 Shape and Number of Horse Tracks
The shape and number of horse tracks depend on the specific requirements of the venue. The ideal configuration aligns with the geometry of the playing field, minimizing energy consumption while maximizing lighting efficiency. Multiple tracks may be necessary for larger venues to ensure even illumination across all areas.
6 Conclusion
The positioning of the horse track is a critical factor in sports lighting. Without standardized guidelines, designers face significant challenges in achieving optimal results. This research aims to provide a scientific basis for developing better standards and improving lighting quality while promoting energy efficiency in stadium design.
References
[1] Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China. JGJ153—2007 Stadium Lighting Design and Testing Standards [S]. Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 2007.
[2] Football Stadiums (FIFA). Lighting and Power Supply. FIFA, 2007: 164.
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