Discussion on the solutions to the practical challenges of biopotential measurement
Electrocardiographs, electromyographs, and electroencephalographs measure the behavior of the heart, muscles, and brain by measuring the potential of the surface of living tissue. Clinicians need to face practical challenges when making biopotential measurements. This article will explore related solutions.
Electrocardiographs (ECG), electromyographs (EMG), and electroencephalographs (EEG) measure the behavior of the heart, muscles, and brain by measuring the potential of the surface of living tissue, respectively. The nerve stimulation and muscle contraction can be detected by measuring the flow of ions in the body. This measurement can be done using a biopotential electrode.
Clinicians need to face practical challenges when making biopotential measurements. For reasons of time, a frequently missed step is to prepare the patient's skin so that the electrodes are in better contact with the patient, otherwise the doctor will have problems collecting the signal. The impedance levels of patients of different races and ages vary. Gold electrodes commonly used in electrocardiographs produce higher impedance than the usual silver/silver chloride electrodes in electromyographs and electroencephalographs. Interference signals such as ablation, electric cautery, cardiac defibrillation, external pacing, internal pacing, pacemaker H-field telemetry, and various other signals will affect measurement accuracy.
solution
The challenges faced by patients are related to system design. The foresight in designing signal conditioning circuits will ensure highly reliable measurements and save labor and electrode replacement costs. If the skin is not in good contact, the input bias current of the front-end amplifier can polarize the electrodes. The AD8625/AD8626/AD8627 family of junction field effect transistor (JFET) input op amps have an input bias current of less than 1pA. The input bias current of the AD8220 and AD8224 junction field effect transistor (JFET) input instrumentation amplifiers is less than 20pA.
Amplifiers operating over a wide supply voltage range have the advantages of a wide input voltage range and large gain. They are able to cope with the noisy environment of the emergency room and operating room.
The AD8625/AD8626/AD8627 family of ICs operates from a single 5V to 26V supply. The AD8220 and AD8224 operate from a dual ±18V supply and can also be powered from a single 5V supply, both of which provide rail-to-rail output with maximum dynamic range. The quiescent current of each amplifier in the AD8220 and AD8224 is 750μA, making it an ideal battery-powered device. In addition, the AD8224 can be configured as a single-channel, differential output instrumentation amplifier with high noise immunity.
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