Common methods for using shadows in studio systems
soft
Soft, is to change the nature of light, from strong weakening, from hard to soft, to fade the resulting shadow. Common methods are:
1) Use a soft-light TV spotlight;
2) tubular scattering lamps;
3) The TV spotlight adjusts the focal length and becomes defocused;
4) Add soft paper before the spotlight and change to soft scattered light;
5) Use a new type of trichromatic fluorescent lamp;
6) LED lamps using a new multi-point source.
Applying the above method, the nature of the light is changed to different degrees, so that the light hits the shadow on the face of the person, the edge is softened and softened, the light ratio of the shadow to the bright part is weakened, and the concentration of the shadow of the character falling on the background is also reduced. distance. In a studio with a small space, the soft main light will greatly reduce the impact of the projection of the person on the ambient light.
The soft scattered light has a great effect on weakening the shadow, and it can also express the skin texture of the character delicately. However, for some people with rough skin and darker skin, they should not be cast on the skin like direct light, and the skin should be brightened to cover up the defects of the human skin. Soft scattered light is the main source of light for people, and it also sets new requirements for the makeup of people.
For example, trichromatic fluorescent lamps are currently used extensively in news studios, with constant color temperature, soft light, and low heat generation. Under its illumination, the shadows produced by the characters are light and have no tough edges. All three-color fluorescent lamps are used as lighting fixtures, and the control of the shadows becomes simple and easy.
People's understanding of the shape of objects comes from observations in the sun. The parts of the human eyebrows, bridge of the nose, and cheekbones are all thinner parts of the face. Under sunlight, the brightness of these parts is significantly higher than other parts. By feeling the light, people will recognize the three-dimensional shape of the face. The scattered light of the three primary color fluorescent lamps can not clearly highlight the shape of the face. The picture of the person photographed is dull and the stereoscopic effect is not strong. Therefore, under the condition that the three-primary fluorescent lamp is used for large-area basic illumination, a cold-light type spotlight with a small power 180 W ceramic discharge tube as a light source is added as the main light to improve the brightness of the face highlight portion. As the facial light level increases, the three-dimensional shape of the face appears vividly. Moreover, because of the use of low-power direct-light luminaires, the overall exposure conditions are the same, which increases the micro-level of the picture-to-light ratio and does not create new shadows.
Flush
Rushing is to use light to dilute the shadow of a person or background. In the lighting, when the main light of the character is clothed, it will leave a shadow on the side of the character's face and the lower jaw, etc., which is the shadow of the image. Direct light, the darker the shadow, the darker; the light scatters, the shadow becomes weaker and lighter. Turning on the auxiliary light to brighten the face of the person's face is to use the illumination of the light to illuminate the shadow created by the main light. The auxiliary light should be low and soft, and should be close to the camera. The illuminance of the auxiliary light is lower than the main light, avoiding the creation of new extra shadows. Sometimes the main light and the auxiliary illuminance are the same, and will form an inverted triangle shadow under the character's chin, like a foreign beard, which is not easy to handle and affects the appearance. If the shadow is still thick after the auxiliary light is illuminated, it is also possible to add a modified light to specifically dilute the shadow and beautify the character. Pay special attention to this time, the angle of the light should be low, the range should be properly controlled, and the light should be soft and scattered. You can also create some new tools and new methods to make the light of the lamps bright and without shadow. For example, some concealed fluorescent lights on the stage, some made homemade light tubes, and some used astigmatism box lights and soft light sheets to position the feet of the characters. These methods are all designed to eliminate the dead angle of the person's facial shadows. If the background board has a shadow cast on it, use the light of the backlight to dilute the shadow, but don't make the scene too bright, and you should adjust the light ratio to the face.
For example, Tai'an TV's large-scale lecture program "Taishan Forum" specifically introduces Taishan's long history and culture. The recording venue is selected in the multi-purpose lecture hall of the university. The main lecture area where the presenter is located is a small podium. On the wall of the podium is a large-scale mural "Taishan God Qi Qi Hui Hui" which is a large-scale imitation of the Taishan Temple. Because of the space limitation, the distance between the character and the background is very close, and the recording mode is recorded on the spot by the multi-camera of the TV OB van. When the character light is set up, the camera gets a good picture and close-up view, but in the picture taken by the panoramic camera, the shadow of the character generated by the 1 kW spotlight is projected to the lower left corner of the background. . With the move of the characters, the shadow has become the visual center of the whole picture, destroying the beauty and subject of the TV picture. Due to space constraints, the limitation of multi-camera shooting angles, it is also impossible to erect a background light for background lighting. Only by expanding the area of ​​the frontal person's auxiliary light to take into account the brightness of the background. At the same time, an 800 W TV soft light is set on the left side of the background outside the panoramic camera's viewing range, and the illumination range is controlled by the concealer, and the intensity of the light is controlled by the distance. This method of partially illuminating the shadows that impede the beauty of the background image and controlling the local illuminance to coincide with the illumination of the large background as a whole. Although the shadow could not be completely eliminated at the end, the desired light effect of the recording was achieved.
hidden
Hidden, that is, in a small environment, to improve the position of the light or to move the light position away from the scope of the camera, to flexibly hide the shadow. The formal TV studios are designed by professionals, and the space distance of the performance area has been strictly calculated to meet the needs of lighting designers. The scene and background of the captured character will also retain enough space, which provides convenience for the hidden processing of the shadow. Sometimes, limited to objective reasons, temporary studios will be established in less regulated places. In the light adjustment, it is easy to encounter the problem of shadows. For example, after giving a character a light, if the background has a shadow, raise the position of the light slightly to make the shadow fall to the ground or the light to the side to adjust some, to drop the shadow outside the picture; or to borrow the background plate to have a deep pattern The colored part hides the shadow. Another example is that some people have a higher nose bridge. When three-point lighting is used, it is easy to produce a long nose. At this time, the light level can be raised, and the nose shadow can be hidden in the nose groove below the sides of the nose. Sometimes you can set the light on the same axis where the camera and the person are facing each other, forming a frontal light parallel to the character, hiding the shadow created by the character behind the person. The frontal light will not produce obvious shadows on the person's face, and the little shadows on the human face will be hidden in the contours of the facial features. This is also a common method used by many camera reporters to interview single-lamp fill light control shadows. In the case of space conditions, you can also open the distance between the character and the background, so that the shadow falls as far as possible to the ground away from the background, keeping the background image clean.
Chemical
It is to use some special non-lighting devices to change the projection properties of light and to attenuate the shadow of the light, like a shadowless lamp. For example, using a soft-light yarn combined with a light box to make a softbox, the resulting light can achieve a similar shadowless effect. The reflector can be used to convert direct light into diffused light to eliminate the projection of the light. Especially in the shooting of some TV commercials, the screen is often required to be bright and soft, basically similar to the effect of high-pitched tone, in order to show the warm atmosphere of its products. This requires that no extra shadows are allowed on the characters in the advertisement screen. In this regard, astigmatism lights and soft-light paper can be used to create a soft, diffuse light like a softbox to illuminate the characters. In order to increase the artistic effect, a tin foil reflector can also be used to draw a bright spot on the left side of the character. The direct spotlight light is refracted by the tin foil reflector, although it weakens the light intensity, it still maintains the linear illumination property, and can produce a bright surface with a strong light perception on the human face without causing unsightly shadows. . The reflection from the reflector filters out the infrared light in the spotlight's thermal source, and the light quality is also relatively cool. The use of reflectors is more suitable for shooting in small scenes. 
(Using floodlights for basic lighting, and then adding a spotlight to the character to make the main light stand out.)
Skillful
Coincidentally, it is the clever use of the camera's own adjustment function, by changing the internal parameters of the camera, to reduce the shadow to ensure the picture quality. In actual shooting, when encountering a wide range of black, gray, blue and other dark tone environments, you can change the black level index of the camera, fine tune the level scale to 0.33~0.55, improve the gray level of the background environment, and weaken Black, too heavy, too boring scene tone. Thus, it can weaken the light and dark contrast of the person's own light, thus making the whole TV picture softer. By the same token, in a large-area medium gray and light gray medium-tone shooting environment, some black level adjustment scales can be reduced to increase the black component of the entire picture and enhance the light-dark contrast of the subject. Make the tone of the whole picture look "heavy" and have a strong stereo. However, if used improperly, the TV screen will appear "hairy", shiny or dull, lacking layers.
For example, when Taian TV station produced the host concatenation for the TV series feature film “Qianquâ€, the director asked to use a side light to light the host in front of the all-black background to bring out the heavy feeling of visiting this historical program. . For this background is black, the character has a heavier shadow in addition to the light part. In order to ensure the level of the bright part of the character, the camera will automatically compress the light ratio of the dark part of the picture through the internal preset microcircuit, but it appears The black part is darker and the dark part of the character's face has become dark. This is obviously not the ideal result. Try to perform auxiliary light illumination on one side of the dark part of the character. Although the dark part of the character has some brightness, the light and shadow ratio effect is hard and still does not meet the ideal filming requirements. Therefore, the black level of the camera control system CCU is utilized. Adjust, properly fine-tune the brightness gain of the dark part of the picture, and reduce the light ratio level of the dark part. In this way, the conversion of the light and dark edges of the face of the person is soft and natural, and the adjustment of the auxiliary light is also reduced.
(Through the adjustment of the black level, it is necessary to ensure the blackness of the background, and also reflect the level of the dark part of the character.)
The shadow is lingering, and it comes with light. With the continuous innovation and advancement of modern TV technology, more new equipment and new methods will be introduced. Faced with a variety of TV production forms and needs, only familiar with the changing rules of the shadows, can make better use of light and shadow to create a fascinating TV picture.
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