Flexible LCD TV backlight design: Straight or side light?
Samsung Electronics introduced a bendable liquid crystal (LCD) TV at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in early 2014. This is one of the most interesting products of all the shows, it proves that LCD can also be used for curved TV, not limited to AMOLED. We saw many curved TVs at the various exhibitions last year, and most of them Vendors believe that only AMOLED can be used for flexible TVs. However, the launch of Samsung's flexible LCD TV has brought people a lot of surprises, especially because its focus can be elastically transformed between plane and bend.
Curved LCD TVs, which were introduced at various exhibitions last year, show that LCD panels can be curved, so a curved LCD panel can be made by directly bending an ultra-thin LCD glass substrate. The surface of the liquid crystal panel is an elastic reshaping process; the curved glass substrate can also be leveled when the force is applied from the opposite direction. Therefore, Samsung has also created a bendable LCD TV with the elastic properties of LCD glass substrates. However, the long-term reliability of making flexible LCD TVs using curved LCD panels has not been verified by the market, and Samsung did not indicate when mass production of flexible LCD TVs will be made at the press conference.
Figure 1: Samsung showcases flexible LCD TVs at CES 2014
DisplaySearch believes that the biggest challenge with Bendable LCD TVs is the design of the backlight system. Current curved LCD TVs are achieved by direct bending of light guides (LGPs) and backlight bases. However, the light guide plates are usually made of plastic, and the bases are usually made of metal, which are not easily bent and flattened like the LCD glass substrate. Therefore, DisplaySearch believes that the current backlighting technology for Curved TVs is not suitable for Bendable LCD TVs.
So how does Samsung's Bendable LCD TV solve the backlight problem? DisplaySearch provides answers through technical analysis. Figure 1 shows that the bendable TV has both flat and curved modes, but even if the TV screen is in curved mode, the back of the LCD TV case is always flat. Therefore, when the television screen is changed from the planar mode to the curved mode, the backlight panel may also be maintained in a flat state without being bent.
However, the planar backlight module is also problematic, and it must have the same optical construction as the flat LCD panel. Because if the panel is curved and the backlight module is flat, different spacings are formed between the panel and the backlight module, which can result in uneven brightness on the television screen. Therefore, the backlight module of the bendable television must change some configurations, such as changing the structure of the light guide printing pattern or the structure of the LED strip, so that the problem can be avoided or at least minimized. In other words, the backlight panel design for a flexible LCD TV must meet both the flat screen and the curved screen mode, and can be switched between the original (planar) and the changed (curved) in a single mechanism. status. Because there is no backlight for OLED panels, there is no technical challenge in this regard.
In order to solve this problem, many edge-lit backlight modules have recently adopted an edge-lit LED strip structure whose direction is perpendicular to the panel bending direction. However, adjusting the structure of the LED strip does not solve the problem of uneven brightness of the display. The problem of uneven brightness of the edge-light curved LCD panel can only be solved by adjusting the optical film (including the light guide plate), but it is quite technically difficult to make an optical film that can be applied to both the planar and curved modes.
Conversely, the problem of uneven brightness of a straight-type curved LCD can be solved by adjusting the optical film and LEDs. as shown in picture 2. Generally, in order to avoid the problem of uneven brightness, the LEDs in the flat LCD are equally spaced; in the curved LCD, since the LED strips are parallel to the bending direction of the panel, the brightness of the screen can be made uniform by adjusting the position of the LEDs, for example, You can change the spacing of the LEDs in each strip or use a different lens. This is the biggest key to the design of a flexible LCD TV backlight system.
Figure 2: Sectional and plan view of a direct type backlight module in different types of LCDs
As can be seen from the above figure, in a direct type backlight module, there can be one strip for both flat backlight and curved backlight. It can be used in planar mode by turning on the flat LCD backlight, and turning on the curved LCD backlight in the surface mode. use. Therefore, DisplaySearch believes that the direct type backlight module is more suitable for a bendable LCD TV than the side light type.
However, DisplaySearch also states that this configuration can only be used within a fixed range of curvature and cannot exceed this radius of curvature. So Samsung's flexible LCD TVs offer only two modes: flat or curved, with a radius of curvature of 4,500R instead of a freely adjustable surface rate.
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