LED sapphire substrate growth method introduction

Sapphire is an important raw material for making chips, accounting for 10% of the cost of LED chips . Sapphire refers to non-red alumina (Al2O3). Sapphire containing impurities has long been used as a gemstone. Because of its various optical, mechanical, electrical, thermal and chemical properties, it has also been widely used in various fields such as industry, and its application range is still expanding. Among them, the ability to synthesize and manufacture sapphire is even more significant. The main uses of sapphire include LED and LED backplanes.

Sapphire cores and blanks have been transformed into "strategic materials" from commodities, and a large number of sapphire producers have regained control of pricing over the years. Moreover, they can set the price to the level that maximizes profits. As a result, the US domestic sales price of sapphire wafers exceeded our expectations, rising to $30, and the price in the cash market was more than $30. Many sapphire-processing companies and LED manufacturers have prepaid the purchase price to ensure production capacity, in order to prevent production line downtime.

The processes for producing sapphire ingots include foaming method (KY method, Kjeldahl crystal method), pulling method (CZ method, Chai's crystal pulling method), temperature gradient method (TGT method), etc. In the mainstream process, sapphire crystals are produced in about 70%, and the drilling rate is about 30%.

The raw material of sapphire crystal is alumina crystal, and the production utilization rate is more than 97%, which has been completely localized. The sapphire single crystal product is a sapphire blank, which can be directly sold, and the non-conforming product can be directly processed as a raw material. Other consumable materials such as tungsten and molybdenum materials, diamond tools, sensors, meters, etc. are localized. It is expected that the raw materials and consumables for the production of sapphire crystal rods from sapphire can be fully supplied domestically. The short board in this segment is mainly due to the dependence of imported crystal growth furnaces.

The main domestic sapphire crystal furnace manufacturers are university research institutions, including Xi'an University of Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology and Chongqing No. 26 Research Institute. However, the current domestic production technology can only produce sapphire ingots of less than 2 inches. The grown crystals and gallium nitride (GaN) have large lattice misalignment, which cannot be used in the sapphire substrate field of LEDs, and are mostly used for watch surfaces. Shell, etc.

Suppliers of sapphire crystal rods include US Rubicon, Honeywell, Russia's Monocrystal, ATLAS, Korea STC and domestic Hejing Optoelectronics, Yuefeng (Taiju to Investment), Shangzhi (Dongtong Investment) and Xinjing Diamond (Chi Mei, Hong Sea transfer investment).

Suppliers of sapphire substrates include Rubicon, Honeywell, Crystal Systems, Saint-Gobain, Monocrystal, ATLAS Sapphire, Kyoto, Kyocera, Namiki, Mahk, and domestic Zhaoyuan and Zhaojing , Jingmei, Hejing and Zhongmeijing and other companies.

At present, GaN-based substrates include sapphire, SiC, GaN, Zno, etc. Commercially available only sapphire, SiC substrates, except for CREE, sapphire substrates are basically used.

ANTENK launches series vertical board mount Power-D & Combo-D D-SUB connectors machined contacts.
The ANTENK Power-D & Combo-D mixed contact d-sub connectors straight are designed for rugged / robust applications where both power & signal are required from a single connection. Featuring [Solid-Pin" machined contacts, these connectors offer high reliability performance for the most challenging design applications.

vertical board mount Power-D & Combo-D D-SUB connectors machined contacts applications
The ANTENK vertical mount combo d-sub, mixed contact connector product range is ideal for a multitude of both IP rated and non-rated industry applications. This diverse combo d-sub standard product offering includes up to 13 contact configurations (seen below) engineered for both power & coaxial connector environments such as satellite & weather stations, GPS receivers, transceivers and radio technology applications. Contact us directly for any custom or semi-custom combo d-sub connector project not listed in our standard product offering above.

Features of  Vertical Mount D-SUB Connector Machined Contacts
Available in 12 industry standard sizes / positions.
Contact Antenk for other sizes / contact configurations.
Available in 10/20/30/40 amp power contacts, 5 amp signal
Allows signal, high current & high voltage in one connector.
Contacts are pre-loaded into the insulator.
 
Material of Vertical Mount D-SUB Connector Machined Contacts
Shell: Steel, Nickel plated
Insulator: Glass-Filled Thermoplastic, U.L. 94V-O, Black
Signal Contacts: Machined Copper Alloy, Full Gold Flash
Power Contacts: Machined Copper Alloy, Full Gold Flash

Vertical Mount Power D-SUB Connectors

Male High Density Power D Mixed Contact Connectors, Female High Density Power D Mixed Contact Connectors, Male Standard Vertical Mount Power D-SUB Connector, Female Standard Vertical Mount Power D-SUB Connector

ShenZhen Antenk Electronics Co,Ltd , https://www.antenk.com