Intel CPU core

Tualatin
This is also the famous "Tualatin" core, Intel's last CPU core on the Socket 370 architecture, using 0.13um manufacturing process, packaging using FC-PGA2 and PPGA, the core voltage is reduced to about 1.5V, the main The frequency range is from 1GHz to 1.4GHz, the FSB is 100MHz (Celeron) and 133MHz (Pentium III), the secondary cache is 512KB (Pentium III-S) and 256KB (Pentium III and Celeron), which is the strongest Socket 370 core, its performance even more than the early low-frequency Pentium 4 series CPU.

Willamette
This is the core of the early Pentium 4 and P4 Celeron, initially using the Socket 423 interface, and later using the Socket 478 interface (Celion only 1.7GHz and 1.8GHz are Socket 478 interface), using 0.18um manufacturing process The front-side bus frequency is 400MHz, and the main frequency range is from 1.3GHz to 2.0GHz (Socket 423) and 1.6GHz to 2.0GHz (Socket 478), and the second-level cache is 256KB (Pentium 4) and 128KB (Celion), respectively. In addition, there are some models of Socket 423 Pentium 4 actually no secondary cache! The core voltage is about 1.75V, and the package method uses Socket 423 PPGA INT2, PPGA INT3, OPI 423-pin, PPGA FC-PGA2 and Socket 478 PPGA FC-PGA2 and Celeron PPGA and so on. Willamette's core manufacturing process is backward, with a large amount of heat and low performance. It has been eliminated and replaced by Northwood Core.

Northwood
This is the core of the current mainstream Pentium 4 and Celeron, and its biggest improvement with the Willamette core is to use 0.13um manufacturing process, and all use Socket 478 interface, the core voltage is about 1.5V, and the secondary cache is 128KB respectively ( Celeron) and 512KB (Pentium 4), the front-side bus frequency is 400/533/800MHz (Celeron only 400MHz), the main frequency range is 2.0GHz to 2.8GHz (Celeron), 1.6GHz to 2.6GHz (400MHz FSB Pentium 4), 2.26GHz to 3.06GHz (533MHz FSB Pentium 4) and 2.4GHz to 3.4GHz (800MHz FSB Pentium 4), and 3.06GHz Pentium 4 and all 800MHz Pentium 4 support Hyper-Threading Technology (Hyper-Threading Technology) ), PPGA FC-PGA2 and PPGA are used for packaging. According to Intel's plan, the Northwood core will soon be replaced by the Prescott core.

Prescott
This is the core of the current high-end Pentium 4 EE, the mainstream Pentium 4 and the low-end Celeron D. The biggest difference between the Prescott core and the Northwood core is the adoption of the 90nm manufacturing process, the L1 data cache has been increased from 8KB to 16KB, the pipeline structure has been increased from 20 to 31, and the SSE3 instruction set has begun to be supported. The Prescott core CPU initially used the Socket 478 interface. Now it is basically all transferred to the Socket 775 interface with a core voltage of 1.25-1.525V. In terms of front-side bus frequency, Celeron D is all 533MHz FSB, and other than Celeron D other CPU is 533MHz (not support Hyper-Threading Technology) and 800MHz (support Hyper-Threading Technology) and the highest 1066MHz (support Hyper-Threading Technology). The L2 cache is 256KB (Celeron D), 1MB (Pentium 4 with Socket 478 and Pentium 4 5XX with Socket 775) and 2MB (Pentium 4 6XX series and Pentium 4 EE). The package uses PPGA (Socket 478) and PLGA (Socket 775). Since the launch of the Prescott core, it has continuously improved and developed. It has joined the Execute Disable Bit (EDB), Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology (EIST), and Virtualization Technology (Intel VT). 64-bit technology EM64T and so on, secondary cache also increased from the initial 1MB to 2MB. According to Intel's plan, the Prescott core will be replaced by the Cedar Mill core.

Smithfield
This is the core type of Intel's first dual-core processor. Released in April 2005, it can basically be assumed that the Smithfield core is a simple product that loosely couples the two Prescott cores. This is based on a separate cache. The loose coupling scheme has the advantage of simple technology, and the disadvantage is that the performance is not ideal. The Pentium D 8XX series and Pentium EE 8XX series currently use this core. Smithfield core adopts 90nm manufacturing process, all adopts Socket 775 interface, core voltage is about 1.3V, PLGA is adopted for packaging, both support hardware anti-virus technology EDB and 64-bit technology EM64T, and besides Pentium D 8X5 and Pentium D 820 Supports energy-saving power saving technology EIST. The front-side bus frequency is 533MHz (Pentium D 8X5) and 800MHz (Pentium D 8X0 and Pentium EE 8XX), frequency range from 2.66GHz to 3.2GHz (Pentium D), 3.2GHz (Pentium EE). The biggest difference between Pentium EE and Pentium D is that Pentium EE supports Hyper-Threading technology and Pentium D does not. The two cores of the Smithfield core each have a 1MB L2 cache, and the two cores in the CPU are isolated from each other. The synchronization of the cached data is based on the arbitration unit located on the motherboard Northbridge chip and transmitted between the two cores through the front-side bus. To achieve, so the data delay problem is more serious, performance is not satisfactory. According to Intel's plan, the Smithfield core will soon be replaced by the Presler core. For more information about Smithfield, see Intel Dual Core Type Cedar Mill
This is the core of the Pentium 4 6X1 series and the Celeron D 3X2/3X6 series, which began in late 2005. Its biggest difference with the Prescott core is the use of 65nm manufacturing process, other aspects are not changed, basically can be considered to be the Prescott core 65nm process version. Cedar Mill core uses Socket 775 interface, core voltage is about 1.3V, and PLGA is used for packaging. Among them, Pentium 4 is all 800MHz FSB, 2MB L2 cache, all support Hyper-Threading Technology, hardware anti-virus technology EDB, energy-saving power-saving technology EIST and 64-bit technology EM64T; and Celeron D is 533MHz FSB, 512KB L2 cache , Support hardware anti-virus technology EDB and 64-bit technology EM64T, does not support Hyper-Threading Technology and energy-saving power-saving technology EIST. The Cedar Mill core is also the core type of Intel processor's last single-core processor on the NetBurst architecture. According to Intel's plan, the Cedar Mill core will be gradually replaced by Core architecture's Conroe core.

Presler
This is the core of the Pentium D 9XX and Pentium EE 9XX, Intel launched in late 2005. Basically, the Presler core can be considered as a simple product that loosely couples two Cedar Mill cores together. It is a loosely coupled solution based on independent caches. Its advantages are simple technology, and its disadvantage is its unsatisfactory performance. The Presler core adopts 65nm manufacturing process, all adopts Socket 775 interface, the core voltage is about 1.3V, the packaging method adopts PLGA, all support hardware antivirus technology EDB, energy-saving power-saving technology EIST and 64-bit technology EM64T, and in addition to the Pentium D 9X5 All support virtualization technology Intel VT. The front side bus frequency is 800MHz (Pentium D) and 1066MHz (Pentium EE). Similar to the Smithfield core, the biggest difference between Pentium EE and Pentium D is that Pentium EE supports Hyper-Threading technology and Pentium D does not, and both cores have 2 MB of L2 cache. In the CPU, the two cores are isolated from each other, and the synchronization of their cached data is also implemented by the arbitration unit located on the motherboard's northbridge chip. This is achieved through the front-side bus between the two cores, so the data delay problem is also more serious. Performance is also not satisfactory. Compared to the Smithfield core, the Presler core has almost no technical innovation, except that it uses a 65-nm process, increases the number of secondary caches per core to 2 MB, and adds support for virtualization technology. Basically, it can be thought of as the Smithfield core. The 65nm process version. The Presler core is also the core type of Intel processor's last dual-core processor on the NetBurst architecture. It can be said that the Netbook was abandoned before NetBurst was abandoned. Afterwards, Intel desktop processors were all transferred to the Core architecture. According to Intel's plan, the Presler core will gradually be replaced by Core Core's Conroe core from the third quarter of 2006. For more information about Presler, see Intel Dual Core Type Yonah
The dual-core Core Duo and single-core Core Solo that currently use the Yonah core CPU are also used by Celeron M, which was launched in early 2006 by Intel. This is a core type of single- or dual-core processor. Its application features are very flexible. It can be used for both desktop and mobile platforms. It can be used for dual-core and single-core applications. core. The Yonah core is derived from the excellent architecture of the famous Pentium M processor on the mobile platform. It has the advantages of fewer pipeline stages, high execution efficiency, powerful performance, and low power consumption. Yonah core adopts 65nm manufacturing process, the core voltage is about 1.1V-1.3V depending on the version, and the package mode is PPGA. The interface type is the improved new Socket 478 interface (not compatible with Socket 478 of the previous desktop). In front-side bus frequency, Core Duo and Core Solo are 667MHz at present, and Yonah core Celeron M is 533MHz. In the secondary cache, Core Duo and Core Solo are currently 2MB, and the Yonah Core Celeron M is 1MB. Yonah core supports hardware anti-virus technology EDB and energy-saving power-saving technology EIST, and most models support virtualization technology Intel VT. But its biggest regret is that it does not support 64-bit technology, just a 32-bit processor. It is worth noting that for the dual-core Core Duo, its 2MB L2 cache is architecturally different from all current X86 processors, and all other X86 processors have independent L2 cache per core. Core Duo's Yonah core uses a similar cache solution to IBM's multi-core processors - two cores share 2MB of L2 cache! The shared L2 cache cooperates with Intel's "Smart cache" shared cache technology to achieve true cache data synchronization, greatly reducing data delay and reducing the occupancy of the front-side bus. This is the true dual-core processor in the strict sense! The core of Yonah is the tight coupling scheme of shared cache. Its advantage is that its performance is ideal, and the disadvantage is that the technology is more complex. However, according to Intel's plan, all Intel processor platforms will be transferred to the Core architecture. The Yonah core is actually only a transitional core type. From the third quarter of 2006, it will be used on the desktop platform. The Conroe core is replaced, and on the mobile platform will be replaced by the Merom core. For more information on Yonah, see Intel Dual Core Conroe
This is the core type of the updated Intel desktop platform dual-core processor. Its name comes from the small city of Conroe in Texas. The Conroe core was officially released on July 27, 2006. It is the first Core CPU in the new Core Micro-Architecture. Core 2 Duo E6x00 series and Core 2 Extreme X6x00 series are currently used in this core. Compared with the previous generation of Pentium D and Pentium EE with NetBurst microarchitecture, Conroe core has the advantages of less pipeline stages, high execution efficiency, powerful performance, and low power consumption. The Conroe core adopts a 65nm manufacturing process, the core voltage is about 1.3V, the package method uses PLGA, and the interface type is still the traditional Socket 775. In front-side bus frequency, Core 2 Duo and Core 2 Extreme are both 1066MHz, and the top Core 2 Extreme will be upgraded to 1333MHz. In the first-level cache, each core has 32KB of data cache and 32KB of instruction cache , and two core data caches can exchange data directly; in the second-level cache, Conroe cores share two kernels with 4MB each. The Conroe core supports hardware anti-virus technology EDB, energy-saving power-saving technology EIST, 64-bit technology EM64T, and virtualization technology Intel VT. Similar to the Yonah core caching mechanism, the Conroe core L2 cache is still shared between the two cores, and the cached data is synchronized through the improved Intel Advanced Smart Cache shared cache technology. Conroe core is currently the most advanced desktop platform processor core, found a good balance between high performance and low power consumption, overwhelming the current all desktop platform dual-core processors, plus it has a very good overclocking The capability is indeed the most powerful desktop CPU core at the moment. For more information about Conroe, see Intel Dual Core Type Allendale
This is the core type of the Intel desktop platform dual-core processor released simultaneously with Conroe. Its name comes from "Allendale", a small city in southern California. The Allendale core was officially released on July 27, 2006. It is still based on the new Core microarchitecture. The Core 2 Duo E6x00 series with 1066MHz FSB is currently used in this core, and the Core 2 Duo E4x00 with 800MHz FSB will be released soon. series. Allendale's core L2 cache is the same as the Conroe core, but the shared L2 cache is reduced to 2MB. Allendale core still uses 65nm manufacturing process, core voltage is about 1.3V, PLGA packaging, interface type is still the traditional Socket 775, and still supports hardware anti-virus technology EDB, energy-saving power-saving technology EIST and 64-bit technology EM64T and virtual Technology Intel VT. The Allendale core is almost exactly the same as the Conroe core, except that the shared second-level cache is reduced to 2MB and the second-level cache is an 8-channel 64Byte rather than a Conroe core 16-channel 64Byte, which can be said to be a simplified version of the Conroe core. Of course, due to the differences in the second-level cache, Allendale's core performance will be slightly inferior to the Conroe core at the same frequency. For more information on Allendale, see Intel Dual Core Merom
This is the core type of the Intel mobile platform dual-core processor released simultaneously with Conroe. Its name comes from a lake “Merom” next to the Jordan River in Israel. The Merom core was officially released on July 27, 2006, and is still based on the new Core microarchitecture. This is the first time that Intel's all-platform (desktop, notebook, and server) processors have used the same microarchitecture design. The Core 2 Duo T7x00 series and Core 2 Duo T5x00 series with 667MHz FSB. Similar to the desktop version of the Conroe core, the Merom core still uses a 65-nm manufacturing process. The core voltage is about 1.3V. The packaging uses PPGA. The interface type is still a new and improved Socket 478 interface compatible with the Yonah Core Core Duo and Core Solo ( Socket 478 is still not compatible with Socket 478 in desktop computers or Socket 479. Socket 479 is still used. The Merom core also supports hardware anti-virus technology EDB, energy-saving power-saving technology EIST, 64-bit technology EM64T, and virtualization technology Intel VT. The Merom core's L2 cache is also the same as the Conroe core. The Core 2 Duo T7x00 series has a shared L2 cache of 4MB, while the Core 2 Duo T5x00 series has a shared L2 cache of 2MB. The main technical features of the Merom core are almost the same as those of the Conroe core. The Conroe core is based on the use of multiple means to enhance power control. The power consumption of the TDP is almost half that of the Conroe core to meet the power saving requirements of the mobile platform. demand. For more information on Merom, see Intel Dual Core Types