Fire hazard in the lighting industry and its preventive measures
Guzhen Town, Zhongshan City is known as the “China Lighting Capitalâ€, and the town is dominated by the lighting production industry. According to statistics, in 2005 the total output value of the lighting industry in the town reached 9.5 billion yuan, accounting for more than 60% of the national market share. At present, there are nearly 2,000 lighting companies registered in the town, employing nearly 40,000 people; forming a “lighting street†of about 7 kilometers, with more than 600 lighting shops; lighting products are not only sold well throughout the country, but also exported to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Nearly 102 countries and regions such as the region, Southeast Asia, Japan, the United States and Europe, the foreign exchange earned by export was about 440 million US dollars, and Guzhen Town was thus leaped from a small rural town to enjoy the popularity and reputation of China. The lights are all."
At the same time of the rapid development of the industry economy, the fire hazard of the objective lighting manufacturers and lighting shops in Guzhen Town has attracted more and more attention due to the fire accidents that have occurred in these places in recent years. According to statistics, from 2002 to 2005, there were 133 fires in the lighting industry in Guzhen, and direct property losses exceeded 6 million yuan. For example, on October 25, 2005, a major fire broke out in the Guzhen Town Lighting Factory and quickly spread to the adjacent 14 lighting shops, causing heavy losses to the company. The occurrence of fires not only caused huge direct property losses, but the indirect losses and social impacts caused by the suspension of production and the “running†of customers were even more difficult to estimate. The fires caused by the weak fire safety awareness of enterprises and the lag of urban fire protection planning have restricted the vigorous development of the lighting production industry to a considerable extent. To this end, to explore the fire hazard in the lighting industry and its preventive measures, to fully contain and prevent the occurrence of fire accidents, has become a top priority for further strengthening the fire supervision work in Guzhen Town.
First, the fire risk of the lighting industry
(1) There are many electrical equipment and there are many incentives for electrical fires. First of all, there are many special equipments for lighting manufacturers, including installation and maintenance equipment, dimming stations, instrumentation, and testing equipment. In order to reduce production costs, these production equipment are used for a long time each day, and some equipment is still required to operate 24 hours. For example, most luminaire aging test equipment is operated 24 hours a day. Once it is designed, installed and used improperly, it is very easy to cause a fire. Secondly, there are many lighting fixtures inside the company, including energy-saving lamps, white woven lamps, fluorescent lamps, stage lamps and so on. When the lighting fixture is working, the surface temperature of the bulb and the lamp is very high, and if the combustible material is piled up nearby, there is a danger of being ignited. The third is that the quality of the auxiliary equipment of the lamps in many production enterprises is uneven. The switches, lamp holders and wire boxes that are pulled on the production line have problems such as poor contact and loose joints. The fourth is the chaos of electrical lines. The electrical wiring inside the lighting manufacturing enterprise is complicated. Due to the weak awareness of fire safety in many enterprises, the installation of electrical lines is disorderly, the chaos is disordered, the use of cheap and inferior wires, and the use of overloaded electricity are quite common. The fifth is that the electrical wiring in the lighting shop is seriously overloaded. There are a large number of sample lamps installed in the lighting shop for customers to stun. According to the total design load, the number of lights should not exceed 15-30% of the total sample lamps. However, in the peak season of lighting sales, the number of lights is basically over 80%, which makes the electrical overload of the electrical lines in the shops very serious. According to statistics, in recent years, in the fires in the lighting industry, electrical circuits caused the most serious fires, accounting for more than 70% of the total number of fires in the industry.
(2) There are many flammable materials and there is a large fire loss. On the one hand, the production and sales of the lighting industry require the use of a large amount of flammable packaging materials such as foam, plastics, cartons, etc.; due to the chaotic management of many enterprises, the phenomenon that flammable packaging materials are directly stacked directly under the high-temperature lighting fixtures is very common. On the other hand, in order to create a luxurious and comfortable environment to attract customers, lighting showrooms and shops use flammable and combustible materials such as wooden keels, plywood and decorative fabrics in interior decoration, wall and floor decoration projects. The fire load of shops has increased significantly. A large amount of combustible materials will form a three-dimensional burning in the event of a fire and spread rapidly, resulting in heavy fire damage.
(3) There are many flammable materials and the probability of fire burst is high. Most lighting manufacturers have processes such as product styling, painting and drying. When sculpting and drying finished products and semi-finished products such as lamps and glass shades, it is often necessary to use liquefied petroleum gas and other gas as fuel. In the process, a large amount of paint and organic solvents are used, and in the course of use, solvents such as gasoline, toluene, xylene, and trichloroethylene are also commonly used. Due to the large amount of flammable and explosive dangerous materials used in the production process, it is easy to cause a fire accidentally. There are no fewer than 10 fires in the paint-making room in the Guzhen Lighting Industry.
(4) The flow of personnel is frequent and the fire quality of employees is poor. Since the lighting industry is a labor-intensive industry, there are many foreign workers, the quality of personnel is uneven, and the cultural level is not high. When recruiting employees, the company did not carry out the necessary pre-job fire safety knowledge education. In particular, welders, electricians and other special types of workers and inflammable and explosive equipment operators who are necessary for the production process have not implemented special training and certification. The newly hired employees only rely on the old staff to take a few days, and will go to work independently with some simple operations. Lighting manufacturers have not formulated relevant safety operating procedures, nor have they conducted pre-job fire safety training; the lack of standardized management of enterprises directly leads to employees' low awareness of fire protection and poor self-defense ability. Therefore, in the supervision and inspection of lighting manufacturers, it is often found that employees use plastic buckets to hold flammable and explosive liquids such as Tianna water, and to place foam plastics and other packaging products under high-temperature lamps.
Second, the countermeasures to change the fire safety status of production enterprises in the lighting industry
(1) Standardize the professional construction and installation of electrical equipment and strengthen daily management. Electrical lines and equipment shall be installed by qualified construction units and construction personnel; the selected electrical circuits, accessories, etc. must meet the requirements of current and voltage levels, and should not be overloaded, and the electrical lines should be made of metal or flame retardant hard plastic casing. The junction box shall be equipped with a junction box. When the casing exceeds 30m long, the cable box shall be added for protection, and the fuse or leakage switch shall be used according to the specification; when the high temperature part of the lighting fixture is close to the combustion performance level, it is non-A grade (non-combustible) When the decoration materials are used, fire protection measures such as heat insulation and heat dissipation shall be adopted. The burning performance of the materials used for lighting shall not be lower than Class B1 (flammable).
(2) Standardizing the storage and management of combustible materials and strengthening fire inspections. Specialized warehouses should be set up, and flammable packaging materials such as cardboard boxes and foams should be classified and distributed, and the stacking should not be too high or too large. There must be a certain wall distance, column spacing, and distance between the piles. The area should not be more than 100 square meters, the distance between the stack and the stack should not be less than 1 meter, the distance between the stack and the wall should not be less than 0.5 meters, and the distance between the stack and the beam and the column should not be less than 0.3. In meters, the width of the main passage should not be less than 2 meters.
(3) Standardizing the fire safety construction of internal decoration and strengthening the refractory combustion performance. The materials selected must meet the fire safety requirements. It is strictly forbidden to use flammable and combustible materials for large-scale decoration. Especially for the selection of ceiling materials, Class A (non-combustible) materials should be used.
(4) Standardize the safe operation procedures of flammable and explosive products and strengthen storage and use control. The proportion of the place where the inflammable and explosive materials are used in the factory building or the fireproof area shall be controlled in strict accordance with the provisions of the "Code for Fire Protection of Building Design", and the fire resistance rating of the building shall be ensured. Reach level 2 or above. In addition, the inflammable and explosive materials used in the production process shall be set up in the intermediate warehouse of Class A and Class B. The storage capacity shall not exceed the amount required for one day and night, and the intermediate warehouse shall be arranged by the external wall, and the fire resistance rating shall not be low. The non-combustible wall at 3h and the non-combustible floor at 1.5h are separated from the rest. The selection, installation and related safety facilities of electrical circuits and equipment in places where flammable and explosive materials are used and stored must comply with the General Requirements for Explosion-Proof Electrical Equipment for Explosive Environments and the Electrical Safety Regulations for Explosive Hazardous Locations of the People's Republic of China (Trial) "carried out.
(5) Standardizing the safety responsibility system for fire management and strengthening self-management awareness. Numerous facts have proved that only the fire safety awareness of managers can be improved, and the fire protection work of enterprises can be done well to reduce the occurrence of fire accidents. It is necessary to firmly establish the awareness of the main body of corporate fire safety responsibility and establish a sound fire protection management mechanism. We must give full play to the subjective initiative of lighting companies and guide them in accordance with the principle of “who is in charge, who is responsible; who is in charge, who is responsible; who is in charge, who is responsible; who is responsible, who is responsibleâ€, and formulates corresponding reward and punishment regulations and strictly honors them. In accordance with the "Fire Safety Management Regulations of Organs, Organizations, Enterprises, and Institutions", establish and improve various fire safety systems, and gradually establish an internal fire safety management mechanism for "self-management, hidden dangers, and self-restraint".
(6) Training of employees who standardize job skills and strengthen self-defense and self-rescue capabilities. First of all, we must earnestly grasp the fire safety training of lighting business operators, and develop a strict and standardized training system. Regularly organize enterprise managers to study fire protection laws and regulations every year to help managers properly handle the relationship between production and operation and fire safety. Management, safe production. Secondly, for all special types of workers, they must insist on training and re-examination. Thirdly, enterprises should always educate and educate employees on fire safety knowledge and fire-fighting skills, so that they can master the necessary self-protection and self-rescue knowledge, and prevent fire accidents caused by blind and dry operation and illegal operation.
At the same time of the rapid development of the industry economy, the fire hazard of the objective lighting manufacturers and lighting shops in Guzhen Town has attracted more and more attention due to the fire accidents that have occurred in these places in recent years. According to statistics, from 2002 to 2005, there were 133 fires in the lighting industry in Guzhen, and direct property losses exceeded 6 million yuan. For example, on October 25, 2005, a major fire broke out in the Guzhen Town Lighting Factory and quickly spread to the adjacent 14 lighting shops, causing heavy losses to the company. The occurrence of fires not only caused huge direct property losses, but the indirect losses and social impacts caused by the suspension of production and the “running†of customers were even more difficult to estimate. The fires caused by the weak fire safety awareness of enterprises and the lag of urban fire protection planning have restricted the vigorous development of the lighting production industry to a considerable extent. To this end, to explore the fire hazard in the lighting industry and its preventive measures, to fully contain and prevent the occurrence of fire accidents, has become a top priority for further strengthening the fire supervision work in Guzhen Town.
First, the fire risk of the lighting industry
(1) There are many electrical equipment and there are many incentives for electrical fires. First of all, there are many special equipments for lighting manufacturers, including installation and maintenance equipment, dimming stations, instrumentation, and testing equipment. In order to reduce production costs, these production equipment are used for a long time each day, and some equipment is still required to operate 24 hours. For example, most luminaire aging test equipment is operated 24 hours a day. Once it is designed, installed and used improperly, it is very easy to cause a fire. Secondly, there are many lighting fixtures inside the company, including energy-saving lamps, white woven lamps, fluorescent lamps, stage lamps and so on. When the lighting fixture is working, the surface temperature of the bulb and the lamp is very high, and if the combustible material is piled up nearby, there is a danger of being ignited. The third is that the quality of the auxiliary equipment of the lamps in many production enterprises is uneven. The switches, lamp holders and wire boxes that are pulled on the production line have problems such as poor contact and loose joints. The fourth is the chaos of electrical lines. The electrical wiring inside the lighting manufacturing enterprise is complicated. Due to the weak awareness of fire safety in many enterprises, the installation of electrical lines is disorderly, the chaos is disordered, the use of cheap and inferior wires, and the use of overloaded electricity are quite common. The fifth is that the electrical wiring in the lighting shop is seriously overloaded. There are a large number of sample lamps installed in the lighting shop for customers to stun. According to the total design load, the number of lights should not exceed 15-30% of the total sample lamps. However, in the peak season of lighting sales, the number of lights is basically over 80%, which makes the electrical overload of the electrical lines in the shops very serious. According to statistics, in recent years, in the fires in the lighting industry, electrical circuits caused the most serious fires, accounting for more than 70% of the total number of fires in the industry.
(2) There are many flammable materials and there is a large fire loss. On the one hand, the production and sales of the lighting industry require the use of a large amount of flammable packaging materials such as foam, plastics, cartons, etc.; due to the chaotic management of many enterprises, the phenomenon that flammable packaging materials are directly stacked directly under the high-temperature lighting fixtures is very common. On the other hand, in order to create a luxurious and comfortable environment to attract customers, lighting showrooms and shops use flammable and combustible materials such as wooden keels, plywood and decorative fabrics in interior decoration, wall and floor decoration projects. The fire load of shops has increased significantly. A large amount of combustible materials will form a three-dimensional burning in the event of a fire and spread rapidly, resulting in heavy fire damage.
(3) There are many flammable materials and the probability of fire burst is high. Most lighting manufacturers have processes such as product styling, painting and drying. When sculpting and drying finished products and semi-finished products such as lamps and glass shades, it is often necessary to use liquefied petroleum gas and other gas as fuel. In the process, a large amount of paint and organic solvents are used, and in the course of use, solvents such as gasoline, toluene, xylene, and trichloroethylene are also commonly used. Due to the large amount of flammable and explosive dangerous materials used in the production process, it is easy to cause a fire accidentally. There are no fewer than 10 fires in the paint-making room in the Guzhen Lighting Industry.
(4) The flow of personnel is frequent and the fire quality of employees is poor. Since the lighting industry is a labor-intensive industry, there are many foreign workers, the quality of personnel is uneven, and the cultural level is not high. When recruiting employees, the company did not carry out the necessary pre-job fire safety knowledge education. In particular, welders, electricians and other special types of workers and inflammable and explosive equipment operators who are necessary for the production process have not implemented special training and certification. The newly hired employees only rely on the old staff to take a few days, and will go to work independently with some simple operations. Lighting manufacturers have not formulated relevant safety operating procedures, nor have they conducted pre-job fire safety training; the lack of standardized management of enterprises directly leads to employees' low awareness of fire protection and poor self-defense ability. Therefore, in the supervision and inspection of lighting manufacturers, it is often found that employees use plastic buckets to hold flammable and explosive liquids such as Tianna water, and to place foam plastics and other packaging products under high-temperature lamps.
Second, the countermeasures to change the fire safety status of production enterprises in the lighting industry
(1) Standardize the professional construction and installation of electrical equipment and strengthen daily management. Electrical lines and equipment shall be installed by qualified construction units and construction personnel; the selected electrical circuits, accessories, etc. must meet the requirements of current and voltage levels, and should not be overloaded, and the electrical lines should be made of metal or flame retardant hard plastic casing. The junction box shall be equipped with a junction box. When the casing exceeds 30m long, the cable box shall be added for protection, and the fuse or leakage switch shall be used according to the specification; when the high temperature part of the lighting fixture is close to the combustion performance level, it is non-A grade (non-combustible) When the decoration materials are used, fire protection measures such as heat insulation and heat dissipation shall be adopted. The burning performance of the materials used for lighting shall not be lower than Class B1 (flammable).
(2) Standardizing the storage and management of combustible materials and strengthening fire inspections. Specialized warehouses should be set up, and flammable packaging materials such as cardboard boxes and foams should be classified and distributed, and the stacking should not be too high or too large. There must be a certain wall distance, column spacing, and distance between the piles. The area should not be more than 100 square meters, the distance between the stack and the stack should not be less than 1 meter, the distance between the stack and the wall should not be less than 0.5 meters, and the distance between the stack and the beam and the column should not be less than 0.3. In meters, the width of the main passage should not be less than 2 meters.
(3) Standardizing the fire safety construction of internal decoration and strengthening the refractory combustion performance. The materials selected must meet the fire safety requirements. It is strictly forbidden to use flammable and combustible materials for large-scale decoration. Especially for the selection of ceiling materials, Class A (non-combustible) materials should be used.
(4) Standardize the safe operation procedures of flammable and explosive products and strengthen storage and use control. The proportion of the place where the inflammable and explosive materials are used in the factory building or the fireproof area shall be controlled in strict accordance with the provisions of the "Code for Fire Protection of Building Design", and the fire resistance rating of the building shall be ensured. Reach level 2 or above. In addition, the inflammable and explosive materials used in the production process shall be set up in the intermediate warehouse of Class A and Class B. The storage capacity shall not exceed the amount required for one day and night, and the intermediate warehouse shall be arranged by the external wall, and the fire resistance rating shall not be low. The non-combustible wall at 3h and the non-combustible floor at 1.5h are separated from the rest. The selection, installation and related safety facilities of electrical circuits and equipment in places where flammable and explosive materials are used and stored must comply with the General Requirements for Explosion-Proof Electrical Equipment for Explosive Environments and the Electrical Safety Regulations for Explosive Hazardous Locations of the People's Republic of China (Trial) "carried out.
(5) Standardizing the safety responsibility system for fire management and strengthening self-management awareness. Numerous facts have proved that only the fire safety awareness of managers can be improved, and the fire protection work of enterprises can be done well to reduce the occurrence of fire accidents. It is necessary to firmly establish the awareness of the main body of corporate fire safety responsibility and establish a sound fire protection management mechanism. We must give full play to the subjective initiative of lighting companies and guide them in accordance with the principle of “who is in charge, who is responsible; who is in charge, who is responsible; who is in charge, who is responsible; who is responsible, who is responsibleâ€, and formulates corresponding reward and punishment regulations and strictly honors them. In accordance with the "Fire Safety Management Regulations of Organs, Organizations, Enterprises, and Institutions", establish and improve various fire safety systems, and gradually establish an internal fire safety management mechanism for "self-management, hidden dangers, and self-restraint".
(6) Training of employees who standardize job skills and strengthen self-defense and self-rescue capabilities. First of all, we must earnestly grasp the fire safety training of lighting business operators, and develop a strict and standardized training system. Regularly organize enterprise managers to study fire protection laws and regulations every year to help managers properly handle the relationship between production and operation and fire safety. Management, safe production. Secondly, for all special types of workers, they must insist on training and re-examination. Thirdly, enterprises should always educate and educate employees on fire safety knowledge and fire-fighting skills, so that they can master the necessary self-protection and self-rescue knowledge, and prevent fire accidents caused by blind and dry operation and illegal operation.
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