Environmental sensor network system design urgently needed by smart cities
This paper introduces a typical environmental sensor network system design from the perspective of analog and power management design, which can be used to analyze outdoor air quality in smart cities or regions. The deployment of such systems can help people understand the quality of the air they breathe in their daily production life. A closed-loop feedback system with sensors will help users and local governments adjust and improve local air quality to improve the health of the local population, reduce medical costs, extend life and improve quality of life.
The quality of the air worldwide is declining. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 3.4 million people died of environmental or outdoor air pollution in 2014, and 4.3 million people died from indoor or home pollution. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has a good response to indoor air pollution. This paper introduces a typical environmental sensor network system design from the perspective of analog and power management design, which can be used to analyze outdoor air quality in smart cities or regions.
Below we will start with electrochemical sensors because they have ultra-low power consumption, and ultra-low power consumption is a key element of the wireless sensor nodes used in such systems.
Electrochemical sensors
Some of the oldest electrochemical sensors date back to the 1950s and are used primarily to monitor oxygen.
Figure 1: The size of electrochemical gas sensors has improved by orders of magnitude since 2012. But size is not the only improvement, lower power consumption gives the system longer battery life, and even energy harvesting power has made significant progress. (Image courtesy of KWJ Engineering and SPEC sensors)
Figure 2: The SPEC sensor system uses printable nanostructured ink catalytic materials and high-performance electronic components: hardware, firmware, and software (Intelligent Algorithms Enhance Device Stability by Billion Level), Precision Analog Front End (AFE) With microprocessor, analog to digital converter for digital signal processing, and IoT interface. (Image courtesy of KWJ Engineering and SPEC sensors)
Electrochemical sensors appear to be the industry's lowest power solution. This sensor consumes only nanowatts to milliwatts, and the carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) sensors do not require a bias voltage.
Figure 3: Basic working principle diagram of the electrochemical sensor, and a working block diagram of the SPEC sensor.
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