Eliminating incandescent lamps is not mature enough for the early market
At the recent International Symposium on Eliminating Inefficient Lighting Products jointly sponsored by the National Development and Reform Commission and the United Nations Development Program, the National Development and Reform Commission said that it is currently developing a roadmap for eliminating inefficient lighting products, and plans to phase out different types of incandescent lamps in stages to promote efficient lighting products. .
According to the Interim Measures for the Administration of Financial Subsidy Funds for National High-Efficiency Lighting Products Promotion, the state financial subsidies focus on supporting high-efficiency lighting products to replace incandescent lamps and other inefficient lighting products in use, mainly to popularize self-ballasted fluorescent lamps for general lighting and three-color double-ended Straight tube fluorescent lamps (T8, T5 type) and metal halide lamps, high pressure sodium lamps and other electric light source products, semiconductor (LED) lighting products, and necessary supporting ballasts. So, what is the prospect of eliminating incandescent lamps in China?
Eliminating the market for incandescent lamps is not yet mature
For the country's plan to eliminate incandescent lamps, Wang Xiaoying, deputy secretary-general of the Beijing Lighting Society, said: "This is a market-oriented thing. As long as it meets market demand, it will be automatically promoted."
Wang Xiaoying believes that the maturity of the market is a major factor in the elimination of incandescent lamps. Although the country is gradually formulating relevant elimination and subsidy policies, the current Chinese lighting market is dominated by incandescent lamps. It is understood that the current production of incandescent lamps accounts for a large proportion of China's lighting industry. The total output of ordinary incandescent lamps in China accounts for about 40% of the total output of electric light sources in China; and the annual export volume of incandescent lamps in China is nearly 3 billion. The export volume is 350 million U.S. dollars, and the export volume accounts for about 2/3 of the total production. Moreover, the number of people who produce incandescent lamps is large, so it is difficult to transform. This is a real problem in eliminating incandescent lamps.
"On the other hand, compared with traditional incandescent lamps, the price of energy-saving lamps is still much higher, and the current financial subsidy policy to encourage efficient lighting is too single." Wang Xiaoying said. Some local government officials involved in the promotion of energy-saving lamps also believe that local subsidies alone are not enough to complete the goal of eliminating incandescent lamps within a few years, and local finances are under great pressure. At present, the most likely replacement for incandescent lamps is self-ballasted LED lamps. Industry insiders expect that with the decline in LED lighting costs and the gradual introduction of relevant standards, the country is expected to incorporate LED lighting into the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€. Promote the scope of financial subsidies for efficient lighting.
In addition, the elimination of incandescent lamps needs to be replaced by qualified and safe high-efficiency lamps. However, the quality supervision mechanism of high-efficiency lamps in China is not perfect, the quality of high-efficiency lamps is not effectively supervised and managed, and products of low quality and low price are flooded. The market has affected the user's trust in high-efficiency lighting products, and some new light sources still do not meet the ideal requirements.
Incandescent lamps still have some functional advantages
The industry believes that the elimination of incandescent lamps will not exceed 10 years, which means that the replacement of incandescent lamps - energy-saving lamps, tungsten halogen lamps and LED lamps, will occupy the market gap after the exit of incandescent lamps. Wang Xiaoying believes: "If high-efficiency lighting such as LED lights does not reach the level of marketization, it is very difficult for ordinary people to consciously cooperate with this plan, because the people should consider the cost of living."
The lighting effect of LED lamps is basically the same as that of incandescent lamps, but the cost is much higher than that of incandescent lamps. Wang Xiaoying said: "Now, the lighting effect of LED lamps produced in Japan is equivalent to 40 watts - 60 watts of incandescent lamps, and the market price is around 320 yuan. At present, the country also has the ability to produce LED lamps, and the average lighting time of LED lamps produced by them. For 2,500 hours, the market price is around 200 yuan." The structure of incandescent lamps is simple, most of the production materials are low, and the average price in China is between 1 yuan and 2 yuan. Due to its low price, it is still the lighting product of choice for the majority of rural users and low-cost consumers in China.
In addition, since the incandescent lamp is energized and bright, it can be instantaneously activated, so incandescent lamps have certain advantages in places where it is necessary to instantaneously start the lamp. At the same time, the incandescent lamp plus the auxiliary device can easily realize continuous dimming, voice control, etc. These functions are currently not easily realized by some new light sources.
In some special industries, the status of incandescent lamps is also irreplaceable by some efficient lighting. Therefore, if incandescent lamps are to be eliminated, special-purpose incandescent lamps are not included. Wang Xiaoying believes: "It is not very meaningful to simply formulate a time." She reminded, "The state cannot rush too quickly in the plan to eliminate incandescent lamps. It cannot be eliminated blindly. It needs to be phased out step by step. As long as it has certain economic conditions, Eliminating incandescent lamps is a matter of course."
Reducing costs and prices is key
So, how do ordinary people think about the plan to eliminate incandescent lamps?
Ms. Wang, who lives in the North Third Ring Road, said that she is more concerned about the comparative price advantage of incandescent lamps and high-efficiency lighting. If the price is similar, it will respond to the national policy call, but if the cost of living is increased because of the elimination of incandescent lamps, I am not willing to change my original living habits.
Mr. Guo, who lives in the housing estate, believes that the energy-saving lamps are brighter and brighter than the incandescent lamps used before. His home has just been renovated, and the lighting fixtures he chose are energy-saving lamps. This not only saves electricity, but also greatly increases the service life of the lamps. The lighting lamps are also rich in color types and have more advantages than traditional incandescent lamps. Energy-saving lamps have low calorific value and are cold light sources. For households with air conditioners, the feeling is definitely different from that of incandescent lamps.
With the concept of low-carbon living and clean energy gaining popularity, the plan to eliminate incandescent lamps has also been put on the agenda. However, there are two problems that need to be noted. In the process of promoting efficient lighting, the cost and price of high-efficiency lighting fixtures should be reduced accordingly. Only when the price has an advantage can the plan be deeply rooted in people’s minds and the people will be willing accept. In addition, the revision of the performance standards and energy efficiency standards of relevant high-efficiency lighting products also needs to be in line with the phase-out plan, improve the testing and monitoring capabilities of national testing organizations for the quality of efficient lighting products, and further improve the quality supervision system for efficient lighting products.
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